Water treatment is essential in guaranteeing the accessibility of uncontaminated and secure water for diverse societal requirements. This paper examines the importance of sustainable wastewater treatment, providing a detailed analysis of various methods and strategies to tackle the urgent issues related to wastewater management. This study seeks to examine various treatment methods and technologies to gain valuable insights into their feasibility, efficiency, and environmental impact. The study also explores in depth the pressing environmental concerns presented by textile dyeing wastewater, which contains dangerous dyes and compounds that are not easily treated using conventional procedures. In addition to that, the textile industry's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute to global climate change. One proposed solution is to utilize microalgae-based systems for wastewater treatment in a sustainable manner, with a specific focus on properly treating textile dye effluent and simultaneously capturing CO2 emissions. The integration of wastewater bioremediation and carbon sequestration offers an eco-technological solution that addresses both the issues of wastewater treatment and carbon reduction in a synergistic manner. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to aid in the advancement of an eco-friendly and sustainable method for treating wastewater and minimizing carbon emissions in the textile sector. This will promote the industry's overall sustainability and decrease its negative impact on the environment.