Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal failure in all over the world. Earlier, more sensitive and specific markers of kidney damage might help diagnose and treat diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage to prevent the progression to renal failure, Aim: to measure the level of IL1β in children and adolescents with type1DM and its relation to other factors (HbA1c, eosinophils, fasting free glucose, postprandial blood glucose, albumin creatinine ratio) as early predictor of renal injury, Subjects and methods: This was a case-control comparative study carried out at pediatric endocrinology and outpatient clinic of pediatric department of Alzhraa and Tanta hospital on 90 children and adolescents diagnosed asT1DM, during the period from May 2021 to September 2022.  divided into two groups: Group 1: included 45 child and adolescents diagnosed as type1 diabetes mellitus, Group 2: included 45 apparent healthy children with age and sex matched, were subjected to full clinical history, complete clinical examination and laboratory tests. Result; There was statistically significant positive correlation found between IL-1b and (BMI, HbA1c, eosinophils, fasting free glucose, postprandial blood glucose, albumin creatinine ratio and alkaline phosphatase) while there is negative correlation found between IL-1b and (red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count and platelets count). Conclusion; IL-1β can be considered as a potential biomarker for T1DM, it was found that circulating levels of IL-1β was highly significant in type 1 diabetic patients compared to healthy controls, and related to BMI but not related to disease duration.
Keywords: Biomarkers; Diabetes;Nephropathy; Microalbuminuria.