The research aimed to study the production and marketing of the olive crop in Matrouh Governorate in Egypt. approach this objective, the research depends on the descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis methods in analyzing the data based on two types of data; published and unpublished secondary data, and the primary data collected through two questionnaires through personal interviews with olive producers, wholesalers, and retailers in Matrouh Governorate 2021/2022, where a Random sample of Olive crop producers has been captured from Siwa  (based on a 100 producers in the villages of Abu Shroff and Siwa, and a random sample of traders was selected, consisting of 25 wholesaling shops and 25 retailers who deal with wholesalers. The most important results of the search were as follows:(1) The total production elasticity in the estimated production function of the olive crop was about 0.963, which indicates that olive production is subject to decreasing returns to scale, (2) The economic efficiency coefficients of the olive crop production resources which are the number of human labor, the quantities used of municipal fertilizer, nitrogenous, phosphate, and potash are about 10.76, 1.46, 14.69, 17.09, and 8.32, respectively, and this indicates that the producers of the olive crop can increase the profits of the olive crop production by increasing the number of human labor, the quantities used from those resources, (3) The marketing efficiency of the olive crop in the research sample reached about 47.19%, which means that a decrease in the marketing efficiency and this is due to the lower price the producers get on from the price paid by the consumer.