The interactions between Acanthamoeba polyphagan (AP) and Acanthamoeba polyphaga mi- 
mivirus (APMV) play a crucial role in their virulence and adaptability. This systematic review 
synthesises findings from 41 studies published between 2003 and 2024 to evaluate how APMV 
infection impacts these organisms. The review highlights key genetic and molecular changes, in
cluding alterations in gene expression, phagocytosis, and encystment, alongside the influence of 
environmental factors. APMV infection significantly affects virulence, driven by complex sym
biotic relationships. The review gave a clearer understanding of AP & APMV interactions, with 
implications for microbial ecology and disease management.