Objective: In this research paper, we examine how treating patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with vitamin B12 and magnesium affects both insulin and non-insulin levels. The Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) marker, which is one of the fundamental and clinical markers to monitor in the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM and type 1 diabetic mellitus), is also highlighted and discussed in this study. Methods: From February to March 2023, a cross-sectional study was done at the Medical Labs Research Center of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Nasiriyah Governorate. Our research included 40 people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Before fasting, a physical examination, a thorough medical history, and blood samples were obtained.  Following a 12-hour fast, all blood samples were collected. Results: Except for the B12 and Mg⁺⁺ levels being significantly higher in DM1 patients in both the first and second age groups and the third age group of DM1 patients being significantly lower at p. value 0.05, we conclude from this study's two-way ANOVA test and t-test that cumulative sugar is unaffected by age or type of sugar.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that both concentrations of B₁₂ and Mg⁺⁺ increased significantly in patients with DM₁ than DM₂ at p. value < 0.05. These findings call for more research on a wider population to look at the source of the deficit and the effectiveness of B12 supplementation in these patients.