301595

WHEY PROTEIN AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS: CURRENT TREND AND FUTURE POTENTIAL EFFECT ON THE HEART. BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Article

Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Background: Whey protein (WP) is considered an ergogenic aid for athletes to improve muscle performance and recovery after sports. Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) is one of the most popular misused anabolic steroids worldwide among bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and capacity to increase exercise tolerance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the possible toxic effects of WP and ND on the heart of adult male albino rats. Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into four main groups; Control Group: (15 rats) were classified into three equal subgroups: control negative (CN): fed a regular diet and tap water. Control distilled water (CDW): received 2ml/kg/day of distilled water orally. Control peanut oil (CP): received intra-peritoneal peanut oil 0.5 ml/rat once weekly. Whey Protein group (WP):(5 rats) received WP orally at a dose of 5.4g/kg/day. Nandrolone decanoate group (ND):(5 rats) received ND intra-peritoneal at a dose of 36mg/kg once weekly. Combined group (Comb): (5 rats) received WP and ND at the same doses. After eight weeks, all animals were sacrificed, and blood was collected for analysis. The heart was preserved for biochemical and histological examination. Results: WP and ND proved to have significant toxic effects on blood parameters and histopathological changes in the heart. Conclusion: These findings support that the heart is highly sensitive to WP and ND administration, and it is necessitated careful administration of dose and for such period under medical supervision for better health.

DOI

10.21608/esctj.2023.192691.1028

Keywords

Whey protein supplement, Nandrolone decanoate, Oxidative Stress, cardiotoxicity

Authors

First Name

Hadir

Last Name

Albaz

MiddleName

Adel AbdelRehim

Affiliation

Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Email

hadiradel@medicine.zu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ghada

Last Name

Elmesallamy

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Email

ganna2410@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

0000-0001-7691-7673

First Name

Nadia

Last Name

El- Akabawy

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Email

dr_nadia2007@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Marwa

Last Name

Abaza

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Email

mtabaza2019@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

11

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

41596

Issue Date

2023-06-01

Receive Date

2023-02-09

Publish Date

2023-06-01

Page Start

107

Page End

129

Print ISSN

2356-6515

Online ISSN

2356-6523

Link

https://esctj.journals.ekb.eg/article_301595.html

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https://esctj.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=301595

Order

301,595

Type

Original Article

Type Code

1,098

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Society of Clinical Toxicology Journal

Publication Link

https://esctj.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

WHEY PROTEIN AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS: CURRENT TREND AND FUTURE POTENTIAL EFFECT ON THE HEART. BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Details

Type

Article

Created At

25 Dec 2024