This study investigated the potential health risks associated with energy drink (EDs) consumption in nursing Wistar rats. Nursing rats were divided into three groups: a control group receiving distilled water, a low-dose ED group, and a high dose EDs group. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, renal function, and DNA damage were evaluated.

Results demonstrated a significant increase in oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde levels and disrupt antioxidant activity, renal function parameters were significantly elevated in EDs-exposed groups, indicating kidney impairment. Histopathological examination revealed renal damage (shrinkage and fracturing in glomeruli -congestion) in ED-exposed rats. Additionally, DNA damage was significantly increased in both mothers and offspring as OTM statistically significant increased.

These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of EDs consumption on maternal and neonatal health. These results emphasize the need for further research and public health interventions to inform consumers about the potential risks associated with EDs consumption during breastfeeding.