The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important problem in the development of several disorders. Variations in Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) may affect insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. This study was conducted to assess serum VDBP between MetS subjects and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and without MetS subjects and its association with MetS components, in Gorgan. 243 patients of T2DM were included in this study. 81 patients with MetS and vitamin D deficiency (group1), 81 patients with MetS and normal vitamin D level (group2) and 81 subjects without MetS and normal vitamin D level (group3). Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) guidelines are used to define the MetS subjects. Serum VDBP levels were significantly lower in the MetS subjects than the subjects without MetS. The triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were significantly lower and higher in subjects with MetS and normal vitamin D when compared to subjects with MetS, and vitamin D deficiency. Serum VDBP levels were significantly lower in MetS subjects and vitamin D deficiency compared to subjects without MetS and normal vitamin D. There were positive and negative correlations between VDBP and FBG and TG in groups 1 and 2. It could be concluded that controlling of VDBP is an effective way for controlling MetS components in subjects with MetS. It suggests that the estimation of VDBP level in different populations appears to play an important role in evaluating and considering the relationship between VDBP and MetS components in subjects with MetS.