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STANDARDIZATION AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF KERSEN (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L.) FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT AS AN HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

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Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Kersen (Muntingia calabura) is a plant widely reported to have pharmacological effects so it can be developed as a traditional medicine. This study aims to standardize the ethanol extract of kersen fruit from various locations where it grows in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Standardization-specific parameters were carried out, including organoleptic analysis, phytochemical profiles, water, insoluble ethanol extracts, phenolic content, and total flavonoids. Non-specific parameters include total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water content, drying shrinkage, specific gravity, and heavy metal contamination content of Pb, Cd, and Cu. The ethanol extract of the kersen fruit was also followed by GC-MS analysis. Specific parameters in the chemical content analysis showed the presence of groups of phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. The water-soluble extract content yielded <2%, and the ethanol-soluble extract content was 14-15.12%; The total phenolic content obtained was 11-12.20% EAG; total flavonoids obtained levels of 3-6.34% EQ. Non-specific parameters indicate that the total ash content is 0.19-0.31%; acid-insoluble ash content of 1.09-1.33%; water content <10%; Drying shrinkage <4%; specific gravity of 1.01-1.07 g/mL; total plate number and mold and yeast numbers obtained the number of colonies <20 colonies/g; and the content of Pb, Cd, and Cu respectively obtained levels of 0 mg/Kg. The results of the GC-MS analysis obtained 36 compounds belonging to the benzoate, phenolic, alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, and fatty acid ester groups. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of kersen fruit can be considered a raw material for developing traditional medicine in Indonesia

DOI

10.21608/bfsa.2023.300915

Keywords

GC-MS analysis, geographical location, Muntingia calabura, Standardization, specific and non-specific parameters

Authors

First Name

S.

Last Name

Nur

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department Pharmacetical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

A.

Last Name

Aisyah

MiddleName

N.

Affiliation

Depratment of Parmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Nursamsiar

Last Name

Nursamsiar

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department Pharmacetical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

nur.samsiar@stifa.ac.id

City

-

Orcid

0000-0001-5923-8812

First Name

F.

Last Name

Sami

MiddleName

J.

Affiliation

Department Pharmacetical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

A.

Last Name

Fadri

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department Pharmacetical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

N.

Last Name

Khairi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Depratment of Parmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

A.

Last Name

Sapra

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Depratment of Parmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

46

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

41495

Issue Date

2023-06-01

Receive Date

2023-01-02

Publish Date

2023-06-01

Page Start

173

Page End

187

Print ISSN

1110-0052

Online ISSN

3009-7703

Article File

BFSA_Volume 46_Issue 1_Pages 173-187.pdf

PDF . 1.1MB

Link

https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_300915.html

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https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=300915

Order

300,915

Type

Original Article

Type Code

1,096

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University

Publication Link

https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

STANDARDIZATION AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF KERSEN (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L.) FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT AS AN HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

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Article

Created At

25 Dec 2024