Archaeological textiles are among the most sensitive organic collectibles exposed to damage factors, whether environmental factors such as heat and light or biological factors such as infection with microorganisms. This research aims to compare the results of exposure of raw and dyed linen textiles to natural aging factors, that have been simulated in the laboratory, in addition to biological aging factors through the cultivation of some fungal strains on raw and dyed linen fabrics. The study used two types of linen fibers, the first type was raw linen fibers, and the second was linen fibers that were dyed with madder )Rubia tinctorum) which is considered one of the sources of red dye. Many methods of examination and analysis were used, such as scanning electron microscope SEM to examine the morphological surface of the fibers, measuring the tensile strength and elongation to test the mechanical properties. The measurement of color change was carried out using the CIE lab system, in addition to measuring the crystallinity index of the cellulose polymer. The main components of the fibers were detected using X-ray diffraction XRD. The results showed that the effect of fungal strains on the mechanical and chemical properties of raw linen textiles was greater than the effect of aging processes, while the tensile strength and elongation of linen dyed with madder were significantly decreased due to the light aging process.