A Mamluk paper manuscript copy entitled Fawaed El Mawaad in the Library of Ain-Shams University was examined, and several analytical techniques were employed to identify the materials used in its making, and to examine the manuscript's anatomy and sewing technique. Portable digital optical microscope, polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope with EDX (SEM/EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy were among the investigation and analytical techniques employed. Microscopic investigation revealed that hemp fiber, which is shorter than flax fiber, yet looks similar to it, was used to produce paper hemp.It is distinguished by transverse knots, a thick, fibrous cell wall, and a smooth surface. This was supported by EDX results that revealed the presence of calcium, which is a main element in calcium oxalate commonly found in hemp and ramie but not flax. SEM images and FTIR-ATR indicated the use of starch as a sizing material and calcium carbonate as a filler. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence were used to determine the types of black and red ink; mixed ink (carbon and iron-gall), and vermilion (HgS) were identified, respectively. The ink type was further confirmed with technical photography using Infrared Fluorescence (IRF) and Ultraviolet Fluorescence (UVF).