Background: Every child has the right to be free from pain; nursing staff have a crucial 
responsibility in the care of children suffering from pain. The study aimed to upgrade nurses' 
knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy toward pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain 
management in children. Subjects and Method: Design: A quasi- experimental research 
design was utilized in this study. Subjects: A convenience sampling of two hundred nurses in 
Pediatric Medical, Surgical departments, Hematology and oncology unit at Tanta University 
Main Hospital and Surgical department at Tanta Universal Teaching Hospital. Three Tools
were used for data collection: Tool I: Nurses' knowledge structured questionnaire sheet, Tool 
II Nurses' attitude regarding pain management in children. Tool III: Nurses' Self-efficacy 
Scale. The results found that nurses' knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy regarding 
pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management had improved immediately after 
and one month after conducting the program with positive significant correlation between total 
knowledge and total attitude scores. The study concluded that nurses' knowledge, attitudes and 
self-efficacy about pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management improved both 
immediately after the program and one month later. The study recommended that periodic inservice training program should be carried out for all nurses in various pediatric departments 
for proper management of pain in children.