The present study aimed to illustrate the efficacy of calciferol ro­denticide against albino rat Rattus norvegicus under laboratory and Nile rate Arvicanthis niloticus under field conditions. Calciferol was more ac­cepted by rats when baited on either crushed maize or whole wheat grains causing higher mortality percentage than on whole sorghum grains under laboratory conditions. Treacle enhanced the rat acceptance to the toxic baits without effect on mortality percentage. Mortality obvi­ously increased with increasing calciferol level and prolongation of expo­sure period. On the contrary, rat acceptance to calciferol bait was ad­versely affected with its high level. As for field conditions, the results obtained confirmed those from laboratory trials.