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Health-risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in selected staple foods from Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria

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Last updated: 24 Dec 2024

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Abstract

This study examined the levels and health threat assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metal (HM) residues in five selected foodstuffs—sorghum, maize, rice, garri (processed fried cassava), and beans—randomly collected from three markets within the Abeokuta metropolis in southwestern Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) methods were used to analyze the foodstuffs for OCPs and HMs, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Health risk indices, including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects, were estimated for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals (HMs) in food samples. The findings revealed that the concentrations of OCPs and HMs in many food samples exceeded the recommended dietary allowances. The risk index values of OCPs and estimated HMs in each foodstuff exceed the permissible limit of 1.0, indicating potential negative health impacts, although not cancer-causing. Dieldrin was the largest contributor to adverse health effects, ranging from 10 to 98%, while Pb had the highest contribution, with values between 43 and 54%. The combined cancer risk of OCPs and HMs was above the allowable limit of 1 x 10-4, suggesting a potential risk for cancer development. The data on OCPs and HMs in the analyzed foodstuffs represent direct threats to public health.

DOI

10.21608/ejar.2024.178348.1315

Keywords

Food toxicity, Pesticides, Metals, Health risk, Staple foods, food composition, Food analysis

Authors

First Name

Mukaila

Last Name

Adekola

MiddleName

Babatunde

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

adekolamb@funaab.edu.ng

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

0003-1819-4264

First Name

Mathew

Last Name

Taiwo

MiddleName

Adewale

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

taiwoam@funaab.edu.ng

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Taofik

Last Name

Towolawi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Email

taofiktowolawi@yahoo.com

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Felicial

Last Name

Oyebanji

MiddleName

Funmilola

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

oyebanjiff@funaab.edu.ng

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Amudalat

Last Name

Olatunde

MiddleName

Kofoworola

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

olatundeka@funaab.edu.ng

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Christiana

Last Name

Iyanda

MiddleName

Temitope

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

christianaiyanda@yahoo.com

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Evans

Last Name

Ajayi

MiddleName

Oluwatobi

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

evansajayi@gmail.com

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Lilian

Last Name

Uwajeh

MiddleName

Nkechi

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

nkechiuwajeh@gmail.com

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Beatrice

Last Name

Agbaje

MiddleName

Adeshola

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

agbajeadeshola@gmail.com

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

First Name

Sulaimon

Last Name

Osho

MiddleName

Adeniran

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

oshosulaimon2019@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Victor

Last Name

Adeyemi

MiddleName

Toluwani

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email

tholuwanii1@gmail.com

City

Abeokuta

Orcid

-

Volume

102

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

45266

Issue Date

2024-03-01

Receive Date

2023-01-17

Publish Date

2024-02-16

Page Start

55

Page End

66

Print ISSN

1110-6336

Online ISSN

2812-4936

Article File

EJAR_Volume 102_Issue 1_Pages 55-66.pdf

PDF . 527.5kB

Link

https://ejar.journals.ekb.eg/article_337805.html

Detail API

https://ejar.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=337805

Order

6

Type

Original Article

Type Code

1,041

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research

Publication Link

https://ejar.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Health-risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in selected staple foods from Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria

Details

Type

Article

Created At

24 Dec 2024