The technological effectiveness of artisanal fish production in Yobe State, Northeastern Nigeria, was examined in this study. The study's precise goals were to define the socioeconomic traits of the fishermen, assess the technical effectiveness of fish production, and pinpoint the main challenges the fishers in the study area faced. Through a multi-stage random sampling technique, 240 artisanal fishermen in total were sampled. Descriptive statistics and the stochastic frontier production function were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the majority of fishermen were married men in the 35–45 age range who had an average of 16 years of fishing experience. The stochastic frontier analysis showed that the amount of fishing nets, lines, canoes, workers, and hooks considerably enhanced the level of catch. Age, educational attainment, fishing experience, and income of artisanal fishers all increased capture inefficiency, according to the inefficiency model. The major constraint was the lack of processing and storage facilities. The study found out that with greater use of farmer-friendly input and technology fish catch efficiency can be increased. It is advised that fishers should have access to contemporary, intermediate-technology processing and storage facilities with a flexible repayment schedule.