Job conscientiousness for nurses is a critical element in assuring patient safety and quality of nursing care, effectiveness of nursing performance and reducing of missed nursing care. Improved nurse autonomy is regarded as an essential element of nursing development. Aim of the study was to determine the relation between job conscientiousness, and Professional work autonomy among nurses. Design: The study used a descriptive correlational research design. Setting: Current study setting was New Surgical at Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: A Convenience sample was used with a total number of nurse's sample size (265 n). Tools: That used for data collection were; 1- Six Factor personality questionnaire and 2- The global work autonomy scale (GWA). Results: The majorities of nurses had high professional work autonomy (82%) and (67.9%) percentages of the nurses with ''high'' agreement on Job conscientiousness., A significant difference between total professional work autonomy and personal characteristics (position, age, place of work, educational level, and nursing experience), While a significant difference between total job conscientiousness and personal characteristics (age, nursing experience) were found. Conclusion: Strong positive significant correlation was found between job conscientiousness and professional work autonomy among nurses. Recommendations: That the need to provide quality patient care through nurse and creating a working atmosphere which gives meaning to work that will guarantee worker job autonomy and task identify. Encourage junior staff nurses to exercise more autonomy in their everyday work by providing them with constructive criticism.