Rhetoric is an important means of expression in human language. It is a language skill that people use every day, whether in oral or written communication, whether in China or in Arabic-speaking countries. This paper summarizes the studies of Chinese and Arabic rhetoric, and makes a comprehensive overview and comparison of the historical origin, development and current situation of Chinese and Arabic rhetoric theories. Although they developed in different times and stages of development, they all rooted in their own argumentative environment and embarked on similar development paths reflects the differences and similarities of the thoughts of the Han nation, showing the interweaving of universality and individuality of the two different languages.