The interaction between surface and groundwater is considered a continuous 
process. That study dealt with the interaction between the surface and groundwater in 
an experimental site close to the Damietta branch downstream of Delta barrage. Four 
groundwater wells with different depths (14m as shallow and 160m as deep) located 
inside and surrounding the experimental site. The distances of those wells from the 
riverbank ranged from 60 to 190m. Monthly water samples collected from the Nile River 
and wells during low and high river flow. Samples analyzed for chemical parameters,
heavy metals, and bacteriology. The results showed that the river water salinity changed 
depending on the change in the river flow. While, the groundwater wells salinity values
differed from winter to summer seasons with a high standard deviation. Analysis of 
variance indicated the significant relationships between the river and those of the studied
wells. Manganese, Iron, Barium and Zinc concentrations were higher in groundwater 
than in the river. Fecal and total coliform appeared in surface water while disappearing 
in groundwater. The results showed during the Nile high flow discharge, the water levels 
of the observation well increased, and the opposite occurred during the low level of the 
Nile Damietta branch. The statistical relationship between water levels in the Damietta 
branch and the observation well was strong. The surface and groundwater were suitable 
for all purposes