During the Roman occupation, Egypt experienced many types of injustice and hateful sectarian discrimination, so they granted full rights and privileges to those who believed in the pagan state's religion. The Christian religion is a crime punishable by law and they are brought to trial, which prompted some believers in the Christian faith to go out into the wilderness, seeking salvation for their souls and seeking a better life. The research focuses on the emergence and emergence of the monastic movement from Egypt and its causes and spread in the Christian world.and Christianity became the state religion, and churches were built and decorated everywhere. The research also clarifies the types of monastic movements and the difference between them and the circumstances that led to the emergence of the monastic movement in the desert and between the mountains. These monasteries played an important and pioneering role in the production, emergence and spread of icon art, especially in the Christian East.