Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major widespread public health problem worldwide. Several studies showed the association between biomarkers of systemic inflammation, as C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and fibrinogen, with lower kidney function pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is elevated in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls and reflects endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk. Persistent high PTX3 levels are associated with high mortality risk in hemodialysis patients. Objective: This study was designed to investigate serum level of PTX3 in patients under regular hemodialysis and those who receive renal transplant. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 90 subjects divided into equal 3 groups: Group (1): 30 healthy subjects (Control) matched for age and sex with patients groups (19 females, 11 males, mean age: 36.9 ± 8.9 years) between January 2017 and November 2019, Group (2): Renal transplant (Rtx) patients (16 females, 14 males; mean age: 40.0 ± 13.3 years), and group (3) 30 patients on hemodialysis (HD) (18 females, 12 males; 46.6 ± 10.7 years) followed at least 6 months in the transplantation and dialysis units of El Maadi Military Hospital and All patients enrolled in the study were randomly assigned. Rtx patients received their grafts and dialysis patients received HD treatments at least 6 months prior to the study. All patients and control were recruited from El Maadi Military Hospital. Results: Blood pressure, TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, phosphorus, calcium phosphorus product and CRP were significantly increased in patients groups when compared to control group. PTX3 ranged from 0.50 to 10.20 and there was significant increase in HD group (2.39±1.14) and RT group (5.18±1.62) when compared to control group (1.00±0.35). In addition, there was significant increase in RT when compared to HD group. CIMT ranged from 0.4 to 0.88 and there was significant increase of CIMT in HD (0.85±0.02) and RT group (0.84±0.03) when compared to control group (0.55±0.11); but the difference between HD and RT groups was statistically non-significant. In HD group, PTX3 was proportionally and positively correlated with CIMT, cholesterol and LDL and inversely correlated with TLC. In RT group, there was positive (proportional), significant correlation between PTX2 and each of CIMT, cholesterol, TG, LDL, creatinine clearance and calcium; while there was inverse (negative) correlation between PTX3 and HDL. Conclusion: The plasma levels of PTX3 may server as suitable biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients.