Background: Vitamin D deficiency, a widespread problem that is increasing worldwide, has been implicated in a diversity of diseases including metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that collectively increases predisposition to major chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the vitamin D status in a group of healthy premenopausal Saudi women, and to assess its correlation with the components of the metabolic syndrome. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 205 premenopausal Saudi women, aged 20 to 45 years, was carried out in the Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research at KingAbdulazizUniversity, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were assessed and the body mass index was calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. A modified "National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel criteria" definition was used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was extensive, with 92.2% of women having 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <50 nmol/L. Metabolic syndrome was prevalent in 7.8% of cases. An inverse association was demonstrated between vitamin D levels and all components of metabolic syndrome except high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, which was positively associated with vitamin D levels, although these associations were statistically insignificant. Severely vitamin D-deficient group (<12.5 nmol/L) revealed higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and all of its components (except elevated blood pressure) when compared to the group of mild to moderate deficiency (12.5-49.99 nmol/L). However, only elevated plasma triglycerides and reduced high density lipoprotein-cholesterol achieved statistical significance. Conclusion: The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in apparently healthy premenopausal Saudi women is quite alarming. An inverse association of vitamin D levels with almost all the components of the metabolic syndrome was determined, although statistically insignificant. Significance of such relationship was possibly obscured by the relatively young age of the studied population. Therefore, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to assess vitamin D deficiency as a predictor for the development of metabolic syndrome.