The present investigation was conducted during the two seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Two field experiments were conducted with Egyptian soil cooperation between Genetic section, Agric-Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo, Al-Azhar University and Genetic Resources Research Department Bahteem, Field Crop Research Institute (FCRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Bahteem Research Station, Egypt, on four chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum). The work was done to study genetic improvement of four chick pea genotypes (Cicer arietinum) using three different doses of gamma rays (200, 300 and 400 Gy) and Comparison of results through the morphological and molecular studies by ISSR-PCR primers. The results also indicate that the different doses of gamma rays (Except for the deadly ones) positively affected early rate with genotypesL1, L2, L3 and L4 compared to the control from each genotype, looking at the results of the second season. The doses of 400 affected the number of pods per plant and consequently on the number of seeds per plant in the genotype L4 by decrease it in the first season only, while it affected it by increase it in the second season. It also affected the number of seeds per pod by increase it in both seasons. It was also found that the ISSR technique was effective in this study, especially the primer ISSR-16, where the polymorphism rate was 95.7%, while the lowest percentage of Polymorphism was in the primer R-04, where the polymorphism rate was40%.