Abstract
Objectives: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the remineralization efficiency of Nano-HAp, Nano-BAG, and NaF on initial enamel caries of primary molar teeth.
Material and Methods: The extracted primary molar teeth's enamel was used to create a total of 108 enamel samples. A particularly prepared demineralized solution was used to perform artificial caries. Remineralized using three solutions .According to the remineralization regime, the enamel samples separated into three groups (n=36): the first group enamel samples treated with 10% Nano-HAp; the second group: enamel samples treated with 10% Nano-BAG; the third group: enamel samples treated with 2% NaF.
Results: SEM analysis after remineralization intervention, all three study groups displayed favorable constructive surface changes. EDX analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the Ca/P ratio (remineralization potential) for the enamel samples treated with Nanohydroxyapatite and Nano-bioactive glass in comparison with the sodium fluoride-treated group, however, no significant difference between Nanohydroxyapatite and Nano-bioactive glass treated groups. Also, statistically significant differences between the baseline (before demineralization), and after remineralization values in comparison with post-demineralization, were seen in the intragroup comparison of Ca/P ratios, however, no significant difference between baseline, and post-remineralization. The microhardness test showed a significant improvement in the surface hardness after remineralization of the demineralized enamel samples for all treated groups.
Conclusion: The use of a 10% Nano-HAp and 10% Nano-BAG displayed positive constructive surface modifications and had the potential to remineralize the initial enamel caries and improve the microhardness of the demineralized enamel under in vitro conditions.