This study was carried out during the four winter growing seasons from 2019/2020 to 2022/2023 seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, ARC, Egypt to investigate the inheritance and nature of genetic control of yellow and stem rust diseases, yield, and its components in bread wheat. The five populations included P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 of three crosses (cross 1: Misr 2 × Giza171, cross 2: Misr 2 × Sakha 95 and cross 3: Gemmiza 9 × shandweel 1). Results indicated that dominance gene effects were larger in magnitude than the additive gene effects for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight in the first cross. Additive × Additive gene effects were positive and highly significant for no of spike/plants in all the three crosses, grain yield/plant in the first and third crosses, no of kernels/spike in the third cross. Dominance × Dominance was highly significant positive for 100 - kernel weight and grain yield/plant in the first and second crosses and no of kernels /spike in the second cross. Narrow sense heritability estimates were low to relatively high for all the studied crosses, and moderate to low for stripe rust in the three crosses, and was high in the first and third crosses for stem rust. The first cross (Misr2× Giza171) was the most desirable which had the lowest mean values for the infection disease severity for stripe rust disease, while the third cross (Gemmiza 9 × Shandawel 1) for stem rust disease.