Background: Anemia is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease [DKD], leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Serum erythropoietin [EPO] levels play a crucial role in the regulation of erythropoiesis, and alterations in EPO levels may contribute to the development of anemia in these patients.
Aim of the work: This study aimed to investigate the utility of serum EPO hormone measurement in evaluating anemia and red cell parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus and DKD. The study sought to assess the correlation between serum EPO levels, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and other red cell indices in these populations.
Patients and Methods: A total of 120 patients grouped into 3 groups; 40 patients with diabetes mellitus and no renal abnormality [eGFR>90 ml/min/1.73 m2], 40 patients with DKD [eGFR 15-90 ml/min/1.73 m2], and 40 healthy control. Serum EPO levels were measured and correlated with hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and various red cell parameters. Renal function, HbA1c and iron profile were also collected and analyzed.
Results: The results indicated a significant association between serum EPO levels and anemia severity in patients with diabetes mellitus and DKD. In diabetic patients without renal issues, EPO correlated positively with Hb and ESR but inversely with RBCs, CRP, and serum ferritin. In diabetic patients with CKD, EPO linked positively with Hb and eGFR but negatively with UACR, WBCs, RBCs, and serum ferritin. EPO was a significant predictor of anemia in both groups.
Conclusion:  Serum EPO measurement provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of anemia in diabetes mellitus and DKD patients. Monitoring serum EPO levels may aid in the assessment of anemia severity, guide appropriate treatment strategies, and offer prognostic information regarding kidney function in diabetic individuals.