Nonylphenol (NPL) is concerned as a substance that may disrupt human endocrine 
systems. NPL is extensively prevalent in the environment which could disrupt the 
nervous system, immune system, reproduction. Its high hydrophobicity, makes NPL can 
withstand environmental conditions for an extended period particularly those in soil. 
Determining NPL risk depends up on the exposure circumstances including exposure 
pathways, exposure time, and exposure concentrations. It's critical to comprehend these 
concerns to evaluate the risk for human. NPL contaminates the environment through soil, 
and wastewater effluents causing its toxicity. Hence, determining origin, fate and harmful 
impact of NPL, besides elimination of it appears to be a top priority. NPL can be treated 
using microbiological and physicochemical techniques. Meanwhile, the fact that 
microbial techniques are environmentally friendly makes them popular. This review 
shows NPL toxicity, fate, and the ways for elimination from the environment.