Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the viral contagious diseases that cause severe
economic losses worldwide. Vaccination is the cornerstone method in controlling this
disease in Egypt and worldwide. Although the current inactivated vaccines are widely
used in controlling the disease. Vaccination failure is a common concern. Attenuated,
marker-inactivated, recombinant protein vaccines, synthetic peptides, and empty capsid
vaccines are a future pathway. The primary objectives of this paper are to describe the
current foot-and-mouth disease vaccines with special reference to Egypt and review the
literature on current vaccine limitations and future vaccines.