Background: Non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) comprises a wide spectrum of diseases from deposition of fat in the pancreas (fatty pancreas, pancreatic steatosis), to pancreatic inflammation (non-alcoholic steatopancreatitis) and possible pancreatic fibrosis. FABP1 is a 14-kDa protein that participates in fatty acid metabolism in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, FABP1 facilitates the transportation, storage, and utilization of fatty acids and their acyl-CoA derivatives and may exert a protective effect against lipotoxicity by facilitating their oxidation or incorporation into TGs and binding otherwise cytotoxic-free fatty acids Aim: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic role of FABP1 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease with and without Diabetes Mellitus. Method: This was a cross sectional study, conducted on 88 Subjects who evaluated thorough full history taking, clinical examination, biochemical assessment and abdominal ultrasound,FABP1 was determined using ELISA kits. Result: The mean age of the studied patients was 44.08±12.41 years; mean of BMI was 29.73±8.15 kg/m2. 72% of patients were males. FABP1 levels were statistically significant elevated among diabetic patients with BMI >25, P=0.02. there was statistically significant relation between FABP1 expression with high grades of fatty pancreas among non-diabetic subjects with BMI over 25, P=0.013. At cut off 0.758 the sensitivity of FABP1in prediction of fatty pancreas was(68.2%),specificity (45.5%) and area under the curve was 0.618 in diabetics, non diabetics with normal BMI. Conclusion: We suggest that FABP may be a good marker for diagnosis of NAFPD .