Introduction: Adequate cleaning and shaping is mandatory to achieve successful endodontic treatment. Smear layer is formed because of dentin cutting and consists of pulp tissue remnants, dentin chips and bacteria which must be removed before  root canal obturation. Continuous improvement in Ni-Ti rotary instrument is crucial to decrease the working time, cost and provide safer shaping process. Aim: This study meant to evaluate the cleaning action of AF F-One blue and RECIPROC blue files to eliminate smear layer using Scanning-Electron Microscope. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 Disto-buccal root canals of extracted human permanent maxillary molars. Roots were prepared using RECIPROC blue file in half the samples and AF-F one blue file in the other half, roots were then divided vertically and examined using scanning electron microscope then scores were recorded using Hulsman scoring system, the mean number of both groups was tested using Mann–Whitney U-tests at significant levels of 0.05 (P value ≤0.05). The existence of smear layer in both groups was compared by chi-square test. Results: No significant difference was detected between the two systems concerning root canal cleanliness according to the Mann-Whitney statistical test (P>0.05). Conclusion: The new flat sided design file AF F-One blue seems to be a p < /p>