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328518

Asymmetric effect of human capital on the ecological footprint within the EKC framework in Saudi Arabia

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Last updated: 24 Dec 2024

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Abstract

In contrast with previous studies exploring the linear impact of increasingly educated human capital on environmental degradation, this study examined the non-linear relationship utilizing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. It offers empirical evidence considering the developing and oil-rich economy of Saudi Arabia. The ARDL model was estimated, to reveal that the gross tertiary enrolment ratio has an inverse-U shaped relationship with ecological footprint. This is consistent with our assumption within the EKC model, in that when schooling enrolment rates are low in the early stages of economic development, environmental degradation is augmented. However, after reaching the turning point in education, the increase in enrolment rates reduces degradation. This indicates that human capital can exert opposing effects on environmental quality, relative to the level of economic development and expansion in education. The empirical findings suggest education is vital to reduce environmental degradation and upgrade energy efficiency and sustainability in the context of Saudi Arabia. The study suggests raising individuals' awareness, environmental education, and increasing knowledge concerning the significance of climate change actions must be integrated into environmental policies and strategic agendas.  

DOI

10.21608/acj.2023.328518

Keywords

Environmental degradation, Ecological Footprint, education, human capital, Sustainable Development, Saudi Arabia

Authors

First Name

Najla

Last Name

Almutairi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Economics, Applied Studies and Community college -king Saud University

Email

nalshotity@ksu.edu.sa

City

الرياض

Orcid

0000-0002-0548-4169

Volume

60

Article Issue

5

Related Issue

43876

Issue Date

2023-09-01

Receive Date

2023-11-09

Publish Date

2023-12-03

Page Start

211

Page End

237

Print ISSN

2682-4183

Online ISSN

2682-4191

Article File

ACJ_Volume 60_Issue 5_Pages 211-237.pdf

PDF . 5.9MB

Link

https://acjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_328518.html

Detail API

https://acjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=328518

Order

7

Type

المقالة الأصلية

Type Code

759

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

مجلة جامعة الإسکندرية للعلوم الإدارية

Publication Link

https://acjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Asymmetric effect of human capital on the ecological footprint within the EKC framework in Saudi Arabia

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Type

Article

Created At

24 Dec 2024