Underground car parks present a substantial safety challenge due to the swift spread of smoke during fire incidents, often posing more significant risks than the fire itself, necessitating effective smoke management systems. Addressing this concern, this study undertakes thorough numerical investigation utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to refine Smoke Management Systems (SMS) in such enclosed spaces. Various parameters impact the underground car parks  including air change per hour (ACH), car park height, exhaust air opening locations, fresh air inlet positions, transfer beams, and jet fans. In this study,  air change per hour (ACH) is invistigated aiming to comprehend the complex dynamics of smoke movement and evacuation challenges. In particular, this study focuses on the impact of air changes per hour (ACH) to comprehend the intricate dynamics of smoke movement and evacuation challenges within underground car parks. The results highlight the significant impact of Air Changes per Hour (ACH) on enclosed systems, underscoring the importance of fan quantity and their locations. While valuable, further experimental validations are recommended to enhance practical applicability, contributing to improved safety measures in underground car parks.
 
Special Issue of AEIC 2024 (Mechanical & Chemical and Material Engineering  Session)