Aim of the study: To evaluate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effect of intraperitoneally injected flaxseed oil in Wister rats exposed to ligature induced periodontitis in mandibular right first molar.
Methodology: Eighteen male Wister rats were randomized into three groups: group I (control) was supplied with intraperitoneal injection of (3 ml/Kg) of saline each other day. Periodontitis was induced for group II, III by ligature placement under general anesthesia. After four weeks, group II was injected with saline intraperitoneally (3ml/kg) each other day, for 2 weeks, while group III was injected with flaxseed oil intraperitoneally (3ml/kg) each other day, for 2 weeks.
Results: Histolopathological examination of group I showed normal architecture of both the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissues. While group II (untreated) revealed disruption of periodontal ligament fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration and marked alveolar bone resorption. Group III (treated group) showed re-organization of the periodontal ligaments, less inflammatory cells infiltration, regular bone surface lined by osteoblasts and obvious reversal lines were recognized denoting new bone formation. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of Interlekin-10, transforming growth factor-β gene expression displayed a significant decrease in their expression in group II, while increase their expression in group III. Alternatively, osteopontin gene expression displayed a significant increase in its expression in group II and decrease its expression in group III.
Conclusion: In a rat model, intraperitoneal injection of flaxseed oil aids in resolution of mechanically induced periodontal tissue inflammation and accelerates healing process.