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THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF THE INSECTICIDE PYRIPROXYFEN ON THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS

Article

Last updated: 03 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Animal Ecology and Toxicology
Animal Evolution and Development

Abstract

Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a juvenile hormone analogue insecticide that is often used as a larvicide against a wide range of insect pests. The present study was designed to investigate its teratogenic effects on the embryonic development of the chick. First, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the commercial PPF was determined. Accordingly, three sub-lethal doses (15, 30, 45 µg/egg) were selected for injection into the air space of the eggs after 24 hours of incubation. The eggs were opened on the embryonic days (EDs) 7 and 14, and the embryos were examined for morphometric changes and the presence of malformations. The PPF treatment induced growth retardation and reduction in head and eye sizes as reflected by a reduction in wet body weights, crown-rump lengths, anterior-posterior head lengths, and eye diameters. These morphometric alternations were mild or moderate on ED7, but more apparent on ED14. Also, significant reductions in the lengths of the forelimb and hindlimb parts were recorded with high-dose treatment on ED14. Obviously, there was high percentage of malformations among ED7 individuals in the form of hematoma, ventral body wall defect, limb deformities, microphthalmia, and microcephaly. However, on ED14 the embryos exhibited significant hematoma, microcephaly, delay feather, delay beak, microphthalmia in all treated groups, and limb deformities in the group that received the high dose. Other abnormalities included edema, anophthalmia, short neck, short tail, caudal regression, microtia, and microblepharon were also recorded. These findings revealed that PPF has potentially teratogenic effects on the development of the chick embryos.

DOI

10.21608/ejz.2023.235635.1105

Keywords

chick embryo, Malformation, Microcephaly, Pyriproxyfen, Teratogenic effect

Authors

First Name

Rasha

Last Name

Sedeek

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Email

rasha.abdallah@sci.suezuni.edu.eg

City

suez

Orcid

-

First Name

Hani

Last Name

Hafez

MiddleName

S.

Affiliation

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Email

hani.hafez@suezuniv.edu.eg

City

Suez

Orcid

0000-0003-4045-5985

First Name

Mahmoud

Last Name

Mohallal

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Email

mahmoud_ali@science.suez.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Nour

Last Name

Sherif

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Email

nour-sherif@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Yomn

Last Name

Mobarak

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Email

yomnmobarak@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

82

Article Issue

82

Related Issue

51731

Issue Date

2024-12-01

Receive Date

2023-09-11

Publish Date

2024-12-01

Page Start

61

Page End

76

Print ISSN

1110-6344

Online ISSN

2682-3160

Link

https://ejz.journals.ekb.eg/article_322430.html

Detail API

https://ejz.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=322430

Order

34

Type

Original Research Papers

Type Code

684

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Zoology

Publication Link

https://ejz.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF THE INSECTICIDE PYRIPROXYFEN ON THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS

Details

Type

Article

Created At

24 Dec 2024