Atherosclerosis refers to the accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, and other substances on the inner and outer surfaces of the arteries, collectively known as plaque. This buildup can narrow arteries and reduce blood flow. If the plaque ruptures, a blood clot may form. While heart problems are the most common manifestation, atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of disease and mortality worldwide. This research emphasizes recent discoveries on atherosclerosis markers and risk factors while examining the processes and contributing factors of the disease. Treatment options for atherosclerosis include medical interventions and lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, reducing cholesterol levels, managing blood sugar levels, exercising regularly, improving dietary habits, and controlling blood pressure. By adopting these measures, individuals can lower their risk of developing atherosclerosis and its complications. Regular monitoring and early intervention remain critical for effective management of this condition.