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363885

Delineation of Genomic Variants/Covariants of SARS-CoV-2, Their Frequencies, and Cooccurrence in Saudi Arabia in Context with Neighboring Countries

Article

Last updated: 03 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Background: Accumulating remarkable variations in spike-gene (Spk-gene) contribute to the evolution of potential spike (Spk)-variants and covariants of SARS-CoV-2 which influence prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic countermeasures. Objective: The current research was designed to delineate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-variant (Spk-variant) and SARS-CoV-2-Spike-covariant (Spk-covariant) frequencies and their cooccurrences in Saudi Arabia and the geographical regions around it. Methods: Relevant data (SARS-CoV-2-Spk-variant and SARS-CoV-2-Spk-covariants RNA-genome-sequences) offered by Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) was mined and retrieved using SARS-CoV-2-variants-tracker (real-time-based). Execution of comparative analysis of the data was accomplished using tidyverse/png/grid of the R-packages. Query datasets were generated for KSA and other neighboring regions and analyzed with cooccurrence and persistence network-clustering algorithms based on R-base-R packages and libraries. Data visualization was carried out by employing ggplot2/cooccurrence plots. Results: The substitution N501T, F157S, and H49Y in KSA, P681H in Iraq, and T478K in Bahrain were the most frequent variants. The Spk-variant-B.1, B.1.1.7, A.28, B.1.36 in KSA, CP.1, BA.2.75.2, BE.3, BM.1.1.3 in Qatar, XBB.1, EG.1in Kuwait, B. 1 in Jordan, B.1.1.7, B.1.428.1 in Iraq, and BA.1 and B.1.1.7 in Bahrain were the most frequent covariants. The Spk-variants (Spk-variant-N501Y and P681H) cooccurred in KSA and the majority of the neighboring countries (n = 6). Conclusion: The outcome of this research could be leveraged for deciding the appropriate prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic countermeasures for the effective management of future outbreaks of disease in these regions

DOI

10.21608/eajbsc.2024.363885

Keywords

Variation, spike, outbreak, COVID-19, CooPer

Authors

First Name

Mohammad

Last Name

Izhari

MiddleName

Asrar

Affiliation

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, KSA.

Email

aazhari@bu.edu.sa

City

Al-Baha

Orcid

-

Volume

16

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

48899

Issue Date

2024-12-01

Receive Date

2024-05-09

Publish Date

2024-07-09

Page Start

1

Page End

17

Print ISSN

2090-0767

Online ISSN

2090-083X

Link

https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_363885.html

Detail API

https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=363885

Order

363,885

Type

Original Article

Type Code

673

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology

Publication Link

https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Delineation of Genomic Variants/Covariants of SARS-CoV-2, Their Frequencies, and Cooccurrence in Saudi Arabia in Context with Neighboring Countries

Details

Type

Article

Created At

24 Dec 2024