The increasing concerns about safety push the researchers to provide natural alternatives to synthetic insecticides because of the harmful impact of the synthetic insecticides on the non-target living organisms including humans.  Insecticides containing essential oils showed that they are promising to control economic and medical insect pests and nanotechnology allowed the formulation of essential oils for proper use.  Nanoinsecticides containing essential oils represent a harmless alternative for pest management with different modes of action. The aim of this research is to study the cuticle deformation in Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica (Blattodea) induced by nanoemulsion of Pimpinella anisum L. essential oil using the Scanning electron microscopy. Periplaneta Americana, the American cockroach, and Blatella germanica, the German cochroach, are important medical insect pests because they are able to mechanically transmit many pathogens and they are present in places where humans exist. These two species are a proper model to study the suggested mode of actions of the nanoinsecticides to better understand the effect of thenanoinsecticide on the insect pest.