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333661

Review on Diclofenac Toxicities in Different Organs

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Last updated: 24 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Introduction: Diclofenac is an over-the-counter (OTC) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works through non-selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, thereby inhibiting the release of prostaglandins. Known for its efficacy in alleviating inflammation, pain, and fever symptoms, concerns have arisen regarding the potential toxicity of Diclofenac. Its toxicity can cause a wide variety of adverse effects, ranging from self-limiting side effects that disappear after treatment cessation to an increased risk of death due to cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Determining the threshold dose that distinguishes between mild, self-limiting side effects and more severe adverse effects poses a major challenge in diclofenac toxicity research. Method: This article reviewed various doses and different organ toxicities observed in animal and human studies using diclofenac. Aim: Our objective is to define the toxicities in fourteen organs and organize them into different categories as animal toxicities, human toxicities, and teratogenicity through pathological changes. Conclusion: By searching different databases and collecting the observed toxicities, we have concluded that the primary affected organs are the stomach, liver, and kidney. However, there is limited knowledge on the toxic effects on the brain, heart, lungs, spleen, eye, bone, bone marrow, blood, and testes, while rarely available data for the pancreas, bladder, skin, muscle, and uterus.

DOI

10.21608/ajfm.2024.333661

Keywords

Diclofenac, toxicity, Experimental studies, Rats, human

Authors

First Name

Amr

Last Name

Adel Elnashar

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Affiliation

Clinical research coordinator, research department, Children Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt.

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First Name

Habiba I

Last Name

Kamal

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-

Affiliation

Student at Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo, Egypt.

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-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mikhael A

Last Name

Magdy

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Student at Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation (GAF), New Administrative Capital, Egypt.

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-

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-

First Name

Tarek

Last Name

Gamal

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-

Affiliation

Student at Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

tarek.gmas99@gmail.com

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-

Orcid

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First Name

Liqaa

Last Name

Hamid

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-

Affiliation

Student at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), Austria

Email

liqaaalmanqosh@gmail.com

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-

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First Name

Safa F Mohammed

Last Name

Ragab

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Dar Al Fouad Hospital (DAFH), Giza, Egypt.

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-

Orcid

-

First Name

Sara A

Last Name

Khodier

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-

Affiliation

Student at Faculty of Science, Banha University, Banha, Egypt.

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First Name

Aly

Last Name

Mohamed

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-

Affiliation

Student at Faculty of Medicine, New Giza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt.

Email

alyamohamed0099@gmail.com

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-

Orcid

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First Name

Mahmoud M

Last Name

Kamel

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

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-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed A

Last Name

El-shahawy

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Material Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science (PSAS), Beni- Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

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City

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Orcid

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First Name

Dalia A. Yousef

Last Name

Yehia

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Lecturer, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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-

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Volume

42

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

45180

Issue Date

2024-01-01

Receive Date

2024-01-01

Publish Date

2024-01-01

Page Start

10

Page End

24

Print ISSN

1687-1030

Online ISSN

2636-3356

Article File

AJFM_Volume 42_Issue 1_Pages 10-24.pdf

PDF . 880.5kB

Link

https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/article_333661.html

Detail API

https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=333661

Order

333,661

Type

Original Article

Type Code

665

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Publication Link

https://ajfm.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Review on Diclofenac Toxicities in Different Organs

Details

Type

Article

Created At

24 Dec 2024