This review will provide insight into Saxagliptin, a potential neuroprotective rather than a well-established anti-diabetic drug. Both glycemic and neuronal effects of Saxagliptin are mainly mediated through glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and to a lesser extent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) so, we will discuss the function of GLP-1 in the human body with a focus on its central role in the brain. Additionally, we will explore Saxgliptin's potential as a disease-modifying agent in neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular focus on Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), where Saxagliptin's neuroprotective potential has been most studied. Treatment options for these disorders don't alter the underlying pathology. They are mainly palliative and marginally effective, making the premise of repurposing other drugs, such as Saxagliptin as disease-modifying agents intriguing. The pathway through which neuroprotection could be achieved will also be discussed. Our review is based on evidence from epidemiological studies and preclinical research utilizing review articles, books, and original articles obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier.