The human gut microbiota, composed of diverse microorganisms known as microbiomes, plays a vital role in maintaining human health. The composition and activity of the gut microbiome are influenced by a multitude of factors, including internal factors such as stress and external factors such as nutrition and medication. Understanding the gut microbiota's role in body fatness has gathered significant research attention and public interest.  To comprehend the complicated relationship between gut microbes and their hosts, it is essential to characterize the microbiota in healthy individuals. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota composition, particularly in response to dietary factors, can have profound implications for human health. Of particular interest is the potential impact of a high-fat diet on the gut microbiota, as it has been postulated that such dietary patterns may lead to dysbiosis and subsequent health consequences. Recent research has highlighted the potential impact of dietary factors on the gut microbiota, particularly the association between a high-fat diet and dysbiosis, which may have adverse health effects. This review aims to contribute to the existing knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of the microbiomes in healthy individuals compared to those consuming a high-fat diet.