Background: Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic affecting the health of millions of children. While type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin- producing beta cells of the pancreas, type 2 diabetes results from a combination of insulin resistance and beta cells insulin secretory defect. Aim: This study aimed to study of glycemic control and management in children suffering from type 1 diabetes versus type 2 diabetes. Design: A descriptive comparative study. Sampling: A purposive sample comprised of 160 children (130 children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and 30 children with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) and their mothers. Setting: This study was conducted at Diabetic Outpatient Clinics in Children's Hospital affiliated to Health Insurance in Fayoum. Tools of data collection: included interviewing questionnaire was used to collect data about characteristics of the studied children and their mothers, knowledge of the studied children about diabetes mellitus, glycemic control and management of diabetes. Results: This study revealed that the mean age of studied children with type 1diabetes was 11.2±2.4 and t 60% of them were males, about 89.2% of studied children had satisfactory knowledge about Diabetes mellitus, while the mean age of studied children with type 2 diabetes was 12.6±3.5 and 60% of them were females, all of studied children with type 2 had satisfactory knowledge about Diabetes mellitus.60% of the studied children with type 1 diabetes and 73.3% of the studied children with type 2 diabetes were awarded about glycemic control. Conclusion: Upon the findings of the current study, concluded that majority of children with type 1 diabetes had satisfied knowledge about glycemic control and management of diabetes. All children with type 1 diabetes have satisfied knowledge about glycemic control and management of diabetes. Recommendation: continuous health teaching to children with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and their mothers regarding diabetes and glycemic control.