Background: Neonatal physiological jaundice is among the most prevalent disorders worldwide. It can occasionally worsen into dangerous complications and probable death in newborns if high bilirubin levels are not treated appropriately. Adequate mothers' knowledge and good caring practices are essential elements for successful management of neonatal physiological jaundice. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine mothers' knowledge and caring practices for neonatal physiological jaundice in El-Beheira Governorate. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study included 300 mothers who have infants under the age of six months from twelve family health centers/units and maternal and child health care centers in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Results:  The total percent score of mothers' knowledge was 65.57±14.42, whereas the total percent score of their caring practices was 77.18 ± 11.72. There was a statistically significant correlation between the mothers' mean score of knowledge and their caring practices (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant association between mothers' education, working status, and family income and their mean score of knowledge and practices for neonatal jaundice. Conclusion: Mothers in El-Beheira Governorate lacked awareness of several essential aspects of knowledge and caring practices regarding neonatal physiological jaundice. Thus, educational programs to increase mothers' knowledge and improve their caring practices for neonatal physiological jaundice are recommended.