in recent years, a lot of emphases has been focused on the widespread use of polyester and cotton textiles in the textile business, whether through their mixing with one another or with other fabric materials. Cotton may be combined with organic materials like hemp, jute, wool, banana cloth, and chitosan, and it can be colored naturally using dyes made from plant roots, some types of flowers, or even the peels of some vegetables like onions. As with viscose, wool, flax, and cotton, polyester may be combined with other natural and synthetic fabric materials. It could also be used with synthetic materials like spandex and polyamide. Polyester and cotton may be blended as well, which opens up the possibility of using a variety of dyes, including reactive dyes, direct dyes, azo dyes, and even combinations of these dyes with other substances like carbon black (CB) as well as being able to be dyed with natural dyes like allum cepa and indigo in addition to synthetic dyes. These various dyes were applied with effective dyeing techniques to provide uniform dyeing results and high dye intake in the blends. Additionally, various pretreatments for the textiles were utilized to increase the fabric's inherent performance, which in turn improved the performance of the dyes.