Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a fatal hematological disease that occurs due to differentiation arrest and uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells. Malignant cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to some anticancer medications; therapeutic resistance may result from this resistance. In a variety of malignancies, Bax, Bcl-2, and their ratio have all been identified as prognostic indicators. Regarding AML, however, contradictory findings have been documented.
Objective: Our work investigated the association between Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression and their ratios with the therapeutic response in AML.
Patients and methods: Our prospective study included 55 newly diagnosed AML patients, treated at Hematology Department at Ain Shams University Hospital during (January to December) 2023 and followed during the induction chemotherapy for 1 month.
Results: The age of the patients participated in the study ranged from 18-60 years with a mean age of 40.84+/-12.74 years. Our patients were 26 (47.3%) males and 29 females (52.7%). ECOG score ranged from 1-5; one indicated restricted physical activity but ambulatory while five referred to being dead. The cytogenetics of studied patients showed a major dominance for T (8-21) –ve  and normal karyotyping of all the participating patients. The study showed that Bax and Bcl-2 and their ratio expression in blood samples correlated with AML more among poor responders and complicated patients during induction and there was statistically significant correlation between their level and the outcome after chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Expression of Bax and Bcl2 and their ratio in AML patients differed significantly as regard outcome after chemotherapy.