Background: Individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD) often have improved diagnostic outcomes when a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is performed. Management of a wide range of lung illnesses, especially the extensive family of ILD, frequently includes cytological examination of BAL fluid. Objectives: Using a comparison of cytological findings in BAL fluid to evaluate the usage of BAL in the diagnosis of common ILD. Patients and methods:  This prospective, clinical study was performed between December 2017 and December 2020. We studied 60 adult patients of both sexes who presented to the Chest Department of Al-Azhar University Hospital (Assiut). Result: There was a significant variance among the study population regarding comparison between spirometry results, spirometry in smokers and non-smokers, comparison between the two groups regarding BAL cells and CD4/CD8 ratio amongst the ILD cases. In terms of demographic information as well as BAL cells immunophenotyping, the studied cases were not significantly distinct from the control group. Conclusion: BAL fluid is a crucial component in the challenging process of diagnosing ILD. We assembled a panel of biomarkers related to sarcoidosis. Both the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the number of natural killer cells in BAL have been linked to sarcoidosis in decision tree analyses. These biomarkers may prove useful in identifying cases with ILD suspicions in clinical settings.