Background: It is known as febrile neutropenia (FN) if a patient suffering from neutropenia also exhibits fever. This is the most common life-threatening complication of cancer treatment and is considered an emergency by oncologists. The condition of neutropenia is caused by damage to the bone marrow caused by cancer, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses result from the damage caused by chemotherapy and radiation to the host's barriers. Objective: Review of literature aboutfebrile neutropenia in pediatrics with cancer Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for relevant articles on Febrile neutropenia and Cancer. Only the most recent or thorough study was taken into account between June 2010 and July 2022. Documents written in languages other than English have been ignored due to a lack of translation funds. Unpublished works, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were generally agreed upon not to qualify as scientific research. Conclusion: When planning treatment, it is important to take into account the patient's past medical history, including any illnesses, chemotherapy, medications, infections (particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria), and allergic reactions. It may be necessary to evaluate any pain or discomfort as possible symptoms of infection. Age, co-morbidities, cancer type, and the use of myelosuppressive chemotherapeutic drugs are all major contributors to the emergence of febrile neutropenia.