Background: Rapid hair loss is caused by the chronic inflammatory disorder alopecia areata, which destroys the hair follicle. It often affects the scalp, though it can also affect other hairy areas like the beard or eyebrow. There are numerous clinical types, including patchy, alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis, and ophiasis. It may be caused by genetic, immunological, endocrine, or psychological factors. Objective: Review of literature aboutAlopecia Areata etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management Methods: We searched Science Direct, Google Scholar as well as PubMed for relevant articles on Alopecia Areata as well as etiopathogenesis. However, only the most recent or thorough study was taken into account between October 2003 and January 2023. The authors also evaluated the value of resources culled from other works in the same genre. Documents written in languages other than English have been ignored due to a lack of translation funds. Unpublished works, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were generally agreed upon not to qualify as scientific research. Conclusion: The primary effectors in the pathophysiology of alopecia areata condition are CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Additionally, Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathways are upregulated. JAK inhibitors are utilized to block the signaling pathway downstream and novel therapeutic strategies that have been developed. The most prevalent place for sudden onset hair loss in alopecia areata is the scalp, and it most commonly affects adults. The absence of scales, erythema, or the exclamation marks that are pathognomonic for alopecia areata indicate that the skin is entirely healthy. Hair pull tests are often negative, with the exception of early active lesions near the periphery, which indicate disease activity and development.