In the past twenty years, the market for drug delivery has finally seen the entry of nanotechnology. The development and application of chemical, physical, and biological systems with structural characteristics ranging from single atoms or molecules to submicron dimensions, as well as the integration of the resulting nanostructures into larger systems, are the domains of nanotechnology. The field of medical nanotechnology has demonstrated a growing tendency towards cost reduction and enhanced efficacy in the use of current medications, diagnostic tools, implants, prosthetics, patient monitors, and personal health care. To maximize activity and minimize side effects, the search for intelligent drug delivery systems was the main objective. This review discusses nano-structured materials as an important category of advanced nanotechnology-based carriers. Polymeric-based, non-polymeric-based, and lipid-based nanosystems can all be classified as nanostructured materials. This review provides an overview of the most recent variations of this classification in particular lipid-based nanosystems, including those that may be considered promising in the fight against cancer disease.