Pharmaceutical research is increasingly focusing on creating novel drug delivery systems for already-existing pharmacological molecules to increase their efficacy in terms of therapeutic action. The several compatible polymers that can change the drug's release strategy have made it possible to produce drug delivery systems. The mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface and mucin molecules interact with the bioadhesive drug delivery method to increase the time the formulations remain at the absorption site. The mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface and mucin molecules interact with the bioadhesive drug delivery method to increase the time the dosage form remains at the absorption site. Bioadhesive formulations may be developed to provide sustained retention at the place of application and to give a controlled rate of medication release for greater therapeutic efficacy. Various factors, including the polymeric formulation's physicochemical properties and the mucosal tissue's content, influence the dosage form's ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces. This review covers the subjects of bio-adhesion mechanisms and theories, bio-adhesion polymers and polymers, various dosage forms and microbead manufacturing techniques.