El-Tabia industrial complex comprises general company for paper production Rakta, the National Paper Company, Abu Qir Fertilizers and Chemical Industries Comany and Abu Qir thermal power station. El-Tabia industrial complex takes its raw water from Rakta water canal. Along its course, Rakta canal receives pollution from point and non-point sources. This pollution leads to significant deterioration of the quality of the water in Rakta canal. So, there was a need for this study to assess the suitability of the water quality of Rakta canal as a water intake for these industries. Furthermore, to identify the sources of pollution which made it unfit for its uses and to assess their impact on water quality. As the same time, evaluation of the in-plant water treatment efficiency was carried out. Setting an outline for an environmental protection plan for the Rakta canal and proposing a monitoring scheme were developed. A bench scale study for hardness removal using single stage treatment and two stage split treatment was carried out. The analysis of data was done by Stat Graphics program using the second degree polynomial regression, to obtain the polynomial regression equation and response surface (CaO and Na, COz doses were the independent variable). Steepest ascent technique was used to obtain the dose combination which produces the highest percent of hardness removal.