Medical microbiology within the walls of the Imperial Kazan University began to develop around the middle of the XIX century. Since the beginning of the second half of the century before last, in addition to applied, theoretical issues related to the physiology of microorganisms have also been discussed. This article presents information about the work carried out by some representatives of the Medical Faculty of Kazan University in the field of medical microbiology and sanitation during 1900s-1930s. Some original guesses expressed by these authors are presented.